Mama PhD

Mama PhD

I hope you've enjoyed reading my blog so far! I'm going to make this one a little short!

As a college student, I marvel at the professors raising young children amid the intense demands of academia. I often worry about keeping them for longer with my questions about course material when I know their family awaits them at home. I want to know more about how professors balance a life of publishing research, while caring for their children. So here I am, working on researching this vague topic about motherhood and professorhood for my senior seminar class. The main goal of the research is to explore the scholarly conversations on motherhood and professorhood.

I became interested in this topic when my professor showed me a book called Papa PhD. I automatically asked, "Hmph! What about mothers!?" He replied, "Ah, yes! Mama PhD came out first, and then fathers wanted to create their own version of the book." Heh heh. I thought that was silly. But hey, I actually find it very interesting! And now I'm researching all about it!

Ooooh, I remember the first time when I had to do research like this. It was painful!!! It was very difficult to transfer from an introductory women's studies course to the ultimate senior seminar intensive research course. What made it worse was that I felt I was not provided with enough tools and support to conduct research. The one hour tutorial of how to research was not enough to help me at all! And prior to this course, I had no idea how to do research nor navigate through scholarly databases!

But now, I am nearly an expert!!! After taking a quantitative research methods course and conducting research, I have become very familiar with the process and components of research. Right now I am using A Writer's Reference and I highly recommend it--especially if you're new to this research process!

Pretty soon we will be working on an annotated bibliography (which I found to be absolutely trembling the first time around). 

Here are some samples: 

• APA Annotated Bibliography
• MLA Annotated Bibliography

Knowledge is Precious

Precious Knowledge

I am loving Eren McGinnis' documentary film, Precious Knowledge. Watching the trailer has brought tears to my eyes as I reflect on the decades of being tested on white people's history (or History through the lens of white people). I wish my high school had an Ethnic Studies program.

The best my public high school could do in adding a challenge to its curriculum was the addition of  Advanced Placement courses. However, if you take a glimpse at the course topics you will see how not a single course sounds like it incorporates critical gender or race theory component.

I took the AP US History course during high school.
My final grade was a big fat  C+.

Shame on me? Whatever. I didn't want to memorize 1,000 dead white phony & over-glorified male politicians who worked hard to build this country. Who the hell does? I was tired of worshiping the white fathers of our past because of all the hidden truths of genocide (i.e. Manifest Destiny, slavery).

Genocide of Natives

My friends and I were too educated to be continually bullshitted by the racialized institution of our education system.

I remember how students in my class were more excited about discussing the history of illegal annexation of Mexican territory into what is now known as Texas. Our teacher allowed for us to discuss this for a minute or two, but then moved on to the required information we needed to learn in order to pass the AP US History exam. Oh my gosh the textbook was dry. And we were only learning what "white people" wanted us to know about US History. Martin Luther King Jr., and Harriet Tubman were the main black people we learned about. We never even talked about Malcolm X or the Black Panthers. This goes to show how flowery the US History textbooks were, and how colorblind the education system was trying to make us all.

Minority Mirror

I wish we read select chapters from Ronald Takaki's book, A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America for AP US History.

Now that I think back to the education I received in high school, I believe many students would have really wished for an Ethnic Studies program. Even a Mexican American Studies program would have been absolutely beneficial and revolutionary!

Throughout high school, I questioned why I was required to read Tim O'Brien's book The Things They Carried instead of Tragic Mountains: The Hmong, The Americans, and The Secret Wars for Laos 1942-1992 written by Dr. Jane Hamilton-Merrit. The two books are about Vietnam war. But the second book would have had a greater connection to the many Hmong students who were in the classroom. More students would have been engaged if the second book was taught...perhaps?

And why were we not reading Kao Kaliah Yang's newly released book The LateHomecomer? I was a junior in high school in the year the book was released. I bet many students at my school would have finished the book within a week if it was required reading! It has great prose, and she's a great American writer of her generation! What's going on with the education system? Who are the ones making the reading requirements? Are they all white male legislators?

Great!

Why is it that The Great Gatsby is considered a "classic"? Who gets to categorize what makes a book a classic? And to what extent does this story resonate with everyone's experience?  This book was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, a white man who had privilege to an education during the 1920s when women were denied any access to education. AND WHY were so many required readings for high school students male authors? Why can't we have more contemporary writers in our education curriculum? We can analyze the literary devices and writing techniques the authors have incorporated in their writings. It's not like we'll lose all of these literary skills if we were to simply choose books that perhaps resonate with contemporary experiences of students today. To top it off, we could even watch amazing documentary films like "Precious Knowledge" and gain lots of critical knowledge from it.

I had so many lingering questions that were left unanswered for years in high school. I felt there was no space to explore them as well. When I questioned my teachers, they simply shut it down and bickered to why I would ask such questions.

Hmm, I wonder if I go back to them now! Now that I have the knowledge of institutionalized racism and SEXISM of the education system, I wonder what will happen if I go back to ask these teachers these questions and challenge their cognition.

Anyways, I only have $2.35 in my bank account...and $8 dollars in my piggy bank... McGinnis is selling her DVD for $20.... I can't spend 100% of my money ($10.35) on one super duper amazing and revolutionary film....  I doubt she'll let me have an autographed DVD for $5.00. Hrmm... *sigh*.

Would you be so kind to lend me a dollar?

Forget it....I'll pay her in the pennies I have left...

Welfare Queen Myth

From 1935 to 1996, Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) was created by the Social Security Act and administered by the United States Department of Health and Human Services. 

This is how the image of families with dependent children used to look like (when there was only black and white photography): 

 "Aid to dependent children keeps families together." 

And this was the promise of the American government programs (once again, notice the portrayal of the white mother and the white baby):

Safe & Secure!

Did you notice the whiteness of the first image of an American family? It is a picture of a white single mother with many kids--5 kids. And the second photo had the image of a white woman with her white baby.

Now pay attention to the shift of family image when the AFDC program changed to Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) in 1996.

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families

Contemporary American Family 

Notice how it is a family of color? And specifically, families of black and brown folk. 

This is US society's dominant image of the families that are poor and are in need. Americans have been made to think that families like these are leeching off of the government. Politicians make these poor families seem like they are having a life of extravagance.

USA is known as having the richest poor of the world. For instance, the poor in the US have microwaves and a roof over their heads compared to the extremely poor in India where poor Indians hardly have anything. This comparison is out of proportion. This comparison is only a tactic for class warfare. It makes Americans go against the poor in their country and eventually will lead to more havoc.  

Notice how historically, the white single mothers who were getting government financial aid through the AFDC program were also never known as welfare queens.

Anti-racist activist

About half an hour into Tim Wise's speech at Colorado College, he analyzes the discourse of welfare queens, and the ideology of the anti-government and anti-tax narrative. 

After reading the congressional record for why the congressmen voted for the main cash welfare program for single mothers and kids, Wise found out how they wanted to have these programs so that white mothers would be able to stay at home to raise their children without having to go into the paid workforce, while their husbands left to find work during the great depression. For the record, the congressional vote for welfare program also applied to white single mothers and white widows.

Now, the big question is:

"Is this the narrative today about cash welfare?"

Should we still encourage people to stay at home and raise their children, today?

NO!

The purpose for which the welfare programs were created was to allow white women to stay at home and not have to sell their labor to someone else for a wage. But once women of color gained access to the program, which didn't happen until the 1960's, all of a sudden that rhetoric changed. All of a sudden people started shouting about how the struggling and needy mothers in poverty need to get a job--that they're so lazy just sitting around getting money for nothing, merely raising children only. The poor are labeled pathological, dysfunctional and worthless.

The rhetoric of women living in the home wasn't seen as a bad thing until women of color began gaining access to financial aid from the government. This is not to over simplify the situation. It is to make you understand how all of this is racially connected. (Here I summarize Wise's ideology analysis of the anti-government and anti-tax narrative debate)

Questions for the readers: What observations have you made about the Welfare Queen myth and society?

Compare that to what is known as "housewives" today to the black housewives (I mean, there is no such thing as a "black housewife"...they are only known as welfare queens):

*Cha*~*Ching*!*

Doing the Laundry

Housewife ➡ Welfare QÛËˁÑ

Betty

Betty Friedan wrote The Feminine Mystique (1963) which analyzed and explored the issues of white middle-class women's identity crisis. The problem with no name is about how women struggle to achieve self-actualization because of society's pressure to fulfill the role of the feminine. White middle-class women were only identified as housewife. This oppressed many white middle-class women as they were silenced and remained unspoken when they were totally dissatisfied with their life. The role of white middle-class women as housewives is no much greater than welfare queen however the racialization of the two is fascinating.



You've heard of the welfare queen myth, right? 

"It's all mine!"

"Welfare queen constitutes a highly materialistic, domineering, and manless working-class Black women, relying on the public dole, Black welfare queens are content to take the hard-earned money of tax paying Americans and remain married to the state." ~Patricia Hill Collins

What if we were to replace some of those words with white women? 

During the 1950s were highly materialistic as they bought countless amounts of appliances such as bread-makers, pots and pans, televisions, vacuums and more. And they didn't even really work for the money. They either had their husbands work all day or received some financial assistance from the government through the New Deal Programs. However, they were not labeled materialistic. 

Furthermore, back then that was the goal of society--to make all these appliances (i.e. microwaves) so that women would give up their welding careers back to the men who were returning from WWII without much complaint. The media's propaganda pushed women to remain in the house, to serve their husbands, have lots of children and just stay home as their husbands worked all day. Many women were tied to their homes. They kind of just sat there waiting to cook dinner before their husband came back home. 

What I find most astonishing about this is that society praised white mothers to raise children, remain in the house, live a life of luxury and do nothing all day in contrast to how society heavily criticize black mothers who are doing the same thing today. 

If you were a white mother, society loves you. Society is sympathetic. It will help you in every way possible.

But........if you were a black mother... 

Society hates you. 

Society will bring you down!

Society will start arguing for an anti-government and anti-tax movement so that you, the black mothers who are just sitting at home only merely watching your children, will get off of your asses and go out to find a job.

Why are black mothers are given such harsh labels when compared to white mothers?

"Why can't mommie take care of me?"

As a little child, I hardly ever became ill. I loved going to doctor visits because they always told me how healthy I am. I lived in California at the time. It was warm all year round.

Minnesota......on the other hand........can be a super cold place.

If you searched through my genealogy, you will find out how we are from the warm tropics. I remember my father telling me stories of the times he hunted for birds in the jungles of Laos. There were no roads but narrow dirt paths to follow through the jungles of Laos. My family immigrated to the US in 1976, and later I was born in 1991 in California. It was nice and warm like in Laos. When we moved to Minnesota in the summer of 2002, it was warm, indeed.

And then, winter came along.

I enjoyed the beauty of snow, but endured the annual flu for 4 years in a row. From 4th grade all the way to 7th grade, I had the flue whenever it was winter. I guess my body wasn't made for the -10 degree weather. I'm supposed to be in the tropics 24/7. But I remain here in Minnesota.

I remembered how, during those times of illness in elementary school and middle school, I would have to miss my winter band concerts. The state of Minnesota began to question whether I was a juvenile delinquent. I received a notice from the state of Minnesota for missing so many days of school.

But instead of roaming around the city stealing or vandalizing stuff, I was home alone trying to get well. My body was wrapped in blankets. I slept through the whole day until someone came home from work or school. One of my five siblings were usually home by 4pm to find me on the floor of the living room burning up. Sometimes they'd help bring me a cup of water, but they knew that my body will eventually heal on its own. They pretty much just let me lay there on the ground wrapped in blankets.

And where were my parents in all of this?

Yum!

My mom and dad were working at minimum wage cutting vegetables all day at a factory in a freezing room-sized refrigerator.

My father was never home to take care of me when I became ill. He never took a day off of work to care for my illness. I was never certain of why.

My mother could only care for me in the few hours she had before work. She would hand me a bottle of DayQuil. Then she would say goodbye and headed out the door to drive to work. And that was it. I was on the floor of the living room, and she was gone. Is this a form of neglect? Or is there something else going on?

My own copy of her book!

In Joan C. Williams' book Reshaping the Work-Family Debate, she states how 3 out of every 4 employed adults say they have little or no control over their work schedules. According to one study done by WorkLife Law--an organization founded by Williams herself--53% of working-class employees cannot take time off to care for sick children.

My parents would have easily lost their low paying jobs if they took off so many days off of work to stay home to take care of me. It isn't their fault that they couldn't stay home. The real source of the issue here was that the workforce and its politics is failing families.

In Williams' book, she shows how the workplace disadvantages both women and men. Masculinity norms at work make men less willing to admit they need to leave work to care for their children. Men have faced termination because of leaving their job to attend to their family responsibilities. Williams promotes reframing the issue of workers' need for time off as an issue of workers' rights rather than family responsibilities. She discusses how we can reshape the work-family debate in consideration of class issues.

Where is FEMINISM!?

Feminism!

In Emily Nussbaum's article, "The Rebirth of the Feminist Manifesto", she wrote about how there is a new role in blogging. It is for empowering women through feminism. Blogging is a new space for self-expression and for raising consciousness on feminist issues. Nussbaum also says how blog writing is between a call to arms, a confession, and a stand-up routine.

For many, feminist blogs are the places to visit to raise your consciousness on various feminist issues and to satisfy your need of feminism!

• thefbomb.org
• bitchmagazine.org
• feministing.com

Feminist blogs have not been the place where I go to relieve my need of feminism. I have access to the internet, and I know the websites, but I really do not like staring at a bright computer screen for so long. I feel I could be reading feminist blogs for hours and hours. I do not feel the new revolutionary shift of online activism.

So where have I gone when I needed feminism in my life?

I thought that maybe I could satisfy my need of feminism on my college's own HerCampus website. I hoped it would be different from today's degrading women's magazines such as Vogue, Seventeen, and Cosmopolitan.

But no.

This site is basically a replica of the Seventeen and Cosmo magazine website. Like these websites, HerCampus has many articles that push students to remain in the gender binary. It's major message to young women is to focus on your exterior values such as hair, makeup, and fashion so that you can be sexually appealing and available to men. It seems as though HerCampus is really made for HisCampus.

Their Christmas holiday article is about being hot for the holidays. 

What you should think about when the holiday comes around!

This is a quote from St. Olaf's HerCampus’ Mmm Ya Ya: Hot for the Holidays article:

"Even just a cute new red thong will do to bring out your holiday spirit just a bit more."

I understand the need for outlets to read and talk about sex, but this is not freedom of sexual expression!!!
This is not really a space for women's sexual expression! It is colored with capitalism! It makes people feel inadequate so they can go and buy all this junk to help improve the inadequate parts of their body, in which they never even knew was inadequate until articles like these propose how women need to be sexually available for men to enjoy.

Why not instead write about the ways in which we can challenge the reasons why women are continuously fed to internalize degrading messages of society's distorted ideal of beauty?

What ever happened to the values of women's leadership?  

Perhaps the "celebrities" tab is the closest thing to feminism on this site. But wait, it's called: celebrities... What does that sound like to you? Should women leaders of St. Olaf College be called celebrities? 

So...what has taken care of my need for feminism? 

Academia. 

I have never been more enlightened than when taking courses that incorporate critical feminist theories behind it. These courses fulfilled my need for feminism: Ecofeminism, Islamic Feminism, Gender and Literature, Philosophy of Feminism, and more.

I loved reading and pondering deeply about the works of Betty Friedan, Judith Butler, Gloria Anzaldua, Sarah Steingraber, Courtney E. Martin, Fatema Mernissi and more! I have yet to read more blogs for I do believe it is powerful and insightful!